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Marcus Baebius Tamphilus
Marcus Baebius Tamphilus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 181 BC along with P. Cornelius Cethegus. Baebius is credited with reform legislation pertaining to campaigns for political offices and electoral bribery (''ambitus''). The ''Lex Baebia'' was the first bribery law in Rome〔An earlier law in 358 (the ''Lex Paetelia'') is sometimes referenced, but dubiously; the law may not have existed, or may have existed and not dealt with bribery, or not been put into effect; see T. Corey Brennan, ''The Praetorship in the Roman Republic'' (Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 170–171 (online. ) On the ''Lex Baebia'' as the first law on bribery, see also A.E. Astin, ''Cato the Censor'' (Oxford University Press, 1978, reprinted 2000), p. 121 (online ); Callie Williamson, ''The Laws of the Roman People'' (University of Michigan Press, 2005), pp. 301–302, full text (online ); James S. Reid, ''M. Tulli Ciceronis. Cato Maior de Senectute'' (Cambridge University Press, 1894), p. 21 (online ); Aubrey Stewart and George Long, ''Plutarch's Lives'' (London, 1881), vol. 2, p. 226 (online. )〕 and had long-term impact on Roman administrative practices in the provinces.
Baebius played an important diplomatic and military role in the Roman-Syrian War. In carrying out the deportation of the Apuani of Liguria for the purpose of occupying their territory, Baebius is also a significant figure in tracing the history of Roman expansionism.
== Family ==
During the Republican era, all men with the family name Baebius who are known to have held the highest magistracies belong to the branch distinguished by the ''cognomen'' Tamphilus.〔Elizabeth Rawson, "Sallust on the Eighties?" ''Classical Quarterly'' 37 (1987), p. 166.〕 Marcus's brother Gnaeus was consul in 182 BC, in an unusual instance of two brothers holding the office in succession. Their father, Quintus, was a praetor; the Q. Baebius Tamphilus who was tribune of the ''plebs'' in 200 may have been the eldest of his sons.〔See Baebia (gens) for more on Q. Baebius, the tribune of 200 BC.〕
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